Which theory suggests that individuals would rather follow than lead and often display characteristics such as laziness and irresponsibility?

Theory X is rooted in a managerial perspective that views employees as inherently lazy and needing to be closely supervised. This theory posits that individuals tend to prefer following rather than leading, primarily due to a lack of ambition and a tendency to avoid responsibility. Managers who subscribe to Theory X believe that strict controls, incentives, and punishment are necessary to motivate employees to perform their job functions effectively.

In contrast, Theory Y presents a more optimistic view about employees, suggesting that they are self-motivated, seek responsibility, and can lead within a collaborative environment. Contingency Theory emphasizes that management and leadership styles should be adapted based on the context of the situation, while Systems Theory focuses on the interdependence of various organizational components. These theories do not align with the portrayal of employees as lazy or irresponsible, which is why Theory X is the most appropriate answer in this context.