Which organizational structure is characterized by a specific hierarchy of authority, clear rules, and career advancement based on merit?

The organizational structure that is characterized by a specific hierarchy of authority, clear rules, and career advancement based on merit is bureaucracy. In a bureaucratic structure, roles and responsibilities are clearly defined, and there is a formalized set of procedures and regulations that guide the operations of the organization. This creates a predictable environment where employees understand their positions within the hierarchy and what is expected of them.

Bureaucratic organizations prioritize efficiency and consistency, often resulting in a stable environment where promotions and advancements are based on objective criteria, such as performance and tenure, rather than favoritism or informal relationships. This merit-based approach ensures that individuals are rewarded for their contributions and that promotions are rooted in capability and achievement, fostering a culture of professionalism.

The other organizational structures such as flat, matrix, and network structures offer different advantages like flexibility, collaboration, or adaptability but do not typically emphasize the rigid hierarchy and merit-based advancement that bureaucracies provide. Flat structures have fewer levels of management, which can lead to a more decentralized approach but less defined authority. Matrix structures combine different elements of functional and project-based organizations, leading to complexity and potentially conflicting authority. Network structures focus on leveraging external relationships and partnerships, which changes the dynamics of internal authority and merit.