Which of the following describes a filtered perception based on existing biases and preferences?

Selective perception refers to the process whereby individuals filter and interpret information based on their existing biases, preferences, and experiences. This phenomenon leads people to focus on specific aspects of the information that align with their beliefs while ignoring other relevant details that may contradict those beliefs.

For example, if a manager has a bias towards a particular employee due to prior positive experiences, they might only notice positive contributions made by that employee and overlook any mistakes. This selective attention can skew judgement and decision-making processes, leading to an incomplete understanding of situations.

In contrast, projection involves attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, or motivations onto others, while the primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember the first information encountered more effectively than later information. Stereotyping, on the other hand, involves making generalized assumptions about individuals based on their perceived group membership. These concepts, although related to perception and bias, do not capture the essence of selective perception which is rooted in actively filtering and interpreting information through the lens of existing beliefs and preferences.