Which management approach relies on the use of data and mathematical models to solve problems effectively?

The management approach that relies on the use of data and mathematical models to solve problems effectively is Operations Research. This field focuses on applying analytical methods to help make better decisions. It encompasses various techniques, such as optimization, simulation, and statistical analysis, to evaluate complex scenarios in operational settings.

Operations Research aims to provide solutions to problems that can enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve decision-making processes in organizations. Professionals in this area utilize quantitative data and mathematical modeling to devise strategies, assess outcomes, and predict the implications of different actions.

While Operations Management deals with overseeing the processes involved in production and service delivery, and Scientific Management emphasizes efficiency through systematic studies of workflows, these approaches do not primarily focus on mathematical modeling as a core tool for problem-solving. Contingency Thinking, on the other hand, stresses the idea that management practices should change according to the circumstances.

Thus, Operations Research distinctly stands out as it thoroughly integrates data and mathematical frameworks into the process of management, making the approach particularly effective for problem-solving in complex environments.