What does 'instrumentality' signify in the context of motivational theory?

In the context of motivational theory, 'instrumentality' refers to the belief that a certain level of performance will lead to a specific outcome or reward. Option B correctly identifies this concept as it captures the notion that employees or individuals perceive a connection between their performance and the rewards they will receive as a result. When individuals believe that their efforts will result in meaningful outcomes, their motivation to perform increases.

This concept is particularly important in theories like Vroom's Expectancy Theory, which emphasizes how the perceived likelihood of achieving a desired outcome (i.e., reward) based on one's performance influences an individual's motivation. In this framework, higher instrumentality leads to greater motivation, as individuals are more likely to exert effort when they see a clear link between their actions and the rewards they desire.

The other options, while related to motivational aspects, do not define 'instrumentality' correctly. The relationship between effort and reward pertains more to expectancy, the quality of the reward is a separate consideration, and the effort put into a task relates to another variable in the motivational process.