What describes a system that both responds to and affects its environment?

The correct choice is open system. In an open system, there is an ongoing interaction with the environment, meaning that it not only responds to external stimuli but also influences its surroundings. This mutual exchange is critical for the survival and success of the system. For example, organizations operate as open systems because they interact with various external factors such as customers, suppliers, and regulatory agencies, while also impacting these external entities through their operations and outputs.

In contrast, a closed system does not interact with its environment, operating in isolation and lacking the ability to respond to external changes. Static systems remain unchanged over time and do not adapt to their environments, while dynamic systems may adjust but may not necessarily engage with the environment in a reciprocal manner. Thus, open systems are vital for understanding how organizations adapt and thrive within the complexities of their environments.